Between-individual variation

Individuals differ one from another in their phenotype. Their phenotype modifies their ecological properties, both what happens to them and is likely to happen to them, and what they do to other organisms and their environment.

Chesson, P.L. 1978. Predator-prey theory and variability. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 9, 323-347.

Chesson, P.L. 1984. Variable predators and switching behavior. Theor. Pop. Biol. 26, 1-26.

Chesson, P. 1990. Geometry, heterogeneity and competition in variable environments. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond, Series B 330, 165-173.

Chesson, P. 1991. Stochastic population models. In "Ecological Heterogeneity," J. Kolasa and S.T.A. Pickett (eds), Ecological Studies: analysis and synthesis 86, 123-143. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Hassell, M.P., May, R.M., Pacala, S.W., Chesson, P.L. 1991. The persistence of host-parasitoid associations in patchy environments. I. A general criterion. American Naturalist 138, 568-583.